Female Athletes

Female Athletes

Female Athletes

Lab Ready for Sex Tests for Female Athletes

Beijing Olympics organizers have set up a gender determination lab to test female athletes suspected to be males, China’s state media reported Sunday.

Experts at the lab, located at the Peking union Medical College Hospital, will evaluate cases based on their external appearance and take blood samples to test hormones, genes and chromosomes, said Prof. Tian Qinjie of the college hospital, according to the Xinhua news agency.

Gender verification tests emerged in the 1960s when Communist countries in Eastern Europe were thought to be using male athletes in women’s competitions. The tests were used at the Olympics for the first time at the 1968 Mexico City Games.

The concept has drawn criticism over the years, largely because certain chromosomal abnormalities may cause a woman to fail a test, even though it gives her no competitive advantage. Also, if a female athlete fails a test she must have a physiological examination, which many consider invasive and a privacy violation.

The ethical implications of the test and the notion of reducing female athletes to their sex chromosomes led to the International Olympic Committee’s decision in 1999 to stop requiring chromosome tests for every female Olympian; now the organizing body has the authority to arrange for gender verification if it is called into question.

At the 1996 Atlanta Games, eight athletes failed the tests but were all cleared by subsequent examinations. Santhi Soundarajan, a middle-distance runner from India, was stripped of an Asian Games silver medal in 2006 after failing a gender verification test.

What do you think? Is the possibility of male athletes posing as women in the Olympics great enough to warrant such testing? or are these tests inappropriate

Game Face: What Does a Female Athlete Look Like?
Game Face: What Does a Female Athlete Look Like?
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On playing fields and street corners, in backyards and gyms, the people in this arresting array of pictures are unselfconsciously exploring the physical and emotional pleasures of competition and play. Each image offers an affirming and satisfying answer to the question at the heart of Game Face: What do girls and women look like when freed from traditional feminine constraints, using their bodies in joyful and empowering ways?To show America what women’s sports looks like, Jane Gottesman searched through the work of our country’s best photographers, from the newest photojournalists to artists such as Annie Leibovitz and Ansel Adams. The result is a unique and inspiring document of the tremendous impact that the growth of female sports at all levels is having on society—and on women themselves.

A friend was looking for a great book for a young woman, to help ease her into adulthood. The usual fiction fare came to mind, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl, To Kill a Mockingbird, and so on. Then I came across Game Face: What Does a Female Athlete Look Like? and immediately decided this was the perfect choice for a preteen girl. In fact, it's a great addition to your mother's coffee table, your best friend's bookshelf, and your sister's "girls rule" collection. Created and edited by Jane Gottesman, and including a foreword from Penny Marshall, this book takes you on a romp through women in sports from the 19th to the 21st century. The pictures capture superstar athletes like Serena Williams and Jackie Joyner-Kersee, along with small-town sports victors like the determined young "tomboy on a skateboard." The photographs range from showing the agony of defeat to the gritty triumph of victory on the faces of women from all around the world. It's a truly magnificent display of woman power on the field and court, in the ring and stadium, and beyond. Definitely recommended for all the "girlz" in your life. --E. Brooke Gilbert

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The Female Athlete's Body Book : How to Prevent and Treat Sports Injuries in Women and Girls
The Female Athlete's Body Book : How to Prevent and Treat Sports Injuries in Women and Girls
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The first authoritative guide for keeping female athletes healthy and injury free Women's and girls' participation in sports grows exponentially every year, and everyone knows that women's bodies are constructed differently from men's, yet there have been no books on sports injury and health specific to a female athlete's needs. Until now. In The Female Athlete's Body Book, Dr. Gloria Beim--orthopedic surgeon, physician for the U.S. National Track Cycling Team, and accomplished athlete--presents the first authoritative sourcebook for every female athlete who wants to get in the game and stay there. She provides sound advice on an array of concerns including: How to minimize injury while enhancing sports performance Nutrition and training for top performance and lifelong health The specific needs of younger, pregnant, and mature athletes How to fight menstrual problems, bone loss, and eating disorders What to do when an injury occurs

Unique Considerations of the Female Athlete
Unique Considerations of the Female Athlete
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Research shows that women athletes perform better when their unique considerations and differences are addressed in training and rehabilitation. Unique Considerations of the Female Athlete is written to help improve performance in women athletes and improve the safety and well-being of women participating in sporting events. Specifically, this book presents the strategies for identifying risk factors, preventing injury, and rehabilitating problems or injuries.

Games Girls Play: Understanding and Guiding Young Female Athletes
Games Girls Play: Understanding and Guiding Young Female Athletes
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A Reviving Ophelia for soccer moms: Games Girls Play gives parents advice for encouraging their daughters to participate in sports and making sure their experiences as athletes are empowering. Sports psychologist and former nationally ranked figure skater Caroline Silby teaches parents how to find the right sport for their young daughters and helps them tackle hurdles that affect older atletes. Using real-life examples, Silby prepares parents for the obstacles that female athletes face and offers solutions for handling everything from the stresses of competition, to motivation problems, to self-esteem issues, to difficult coaches, to eating disorders, to sexual harassment.

For the 2 million parents of girls who play intramural sports, the comment, "you play like a girl," is considered a compliment. Games Girls Play, written by sports psychologist and former figure skater Caroline Silby with ESPN reporter Shelley Smith, moves beyond the widely reported benefits of sports for young women--offering both parents and coaches a fresh, smart guide for responding to the needs of the young female athlete. Whether they are writing about choosing a sport, building confidence, staying calm during a competition, or debriefing after the game, the authors have created a powerful primer on the inner work of sports psychology. As they explain, "teaching athletes to use their thoughts, perceptions, images and body language, focus and effort to move ahead are the life lessons of sports." Drawing examples from case studies, the approach is highly practical and each chapter has bulleted strategies, checklists, summaries, and quick pointed questions (What if the coach plays favorites? Should I watch practice? How can I help her balance school and sports?) Yet the most probing questions are directed to parents, asking, for example: Can you accept that your daughter will disappoint you? Can you settle for personal improvement rather than winning? Other insightful chapters focus on a variety of subjects including coaching the coach, bad sport parents, and coping with crunch times, as well as the darker side of female sports---eating disorders, harassment, and steroid use. Each chapter offers rich resources for guiding a young woman to strengthen her body and mind and to transfer the lessons of sports to the rest of her life. --Barbara Mackoff

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Women Who Win: Female Athletes on Being the Best
Women Who Win: Female Athletes on Being the Best
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Whether it's surfer Jamilah Star riding an unprecedented fifty-foot wave, Olympic marathoner Deena Kastor winning the bronze in 2004, or top-ranked climber Lynn Hill facing down a tough climb at Joshua Tree, one thing is certain: these women have game.What's more, these amazing athletes capture our imagination. How do they do it? What motivates them to win and to become the best in their sport?In Women Who Win, adventure writer Lisa Taggart takes us behind the scenes, deep into the training regimens and the ultimate victories, to see what makes these women — and some of their fellow female athletes — tick. Whether their sport is soccer, cycling, mountain biking, or volleyball, these athletes will inspire you to pursue your dreams, whether it's running a marathon or catching your first wave.

Built To Win: The Female Athlete As Cultural Icon (Sport and Culture)
Built To Win: The Female Athlete As Cultural Icon (Sport and Culture)
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The sculpted speed of Marion Jones. The grit and agility of Mia Hamm. The slam-dunk style of Lisa Leslie. The skill and finesse of these sports figures are widely admired, no longer causing the puzzlement and discomfort directed toward earlier generations of athletic women. Built to Win explores this relatively recent phenomenon-the confident, empowered female athletes found everywhere in American popular culture. Leslie Heywood and Shari L. Dworkin examine the role of female athletes through interviews with elementary- and high school-age girls and boys; careful readings of ad campaigns by Nike, Reebok, and others; discussions of movies like Fight Club and Girlfight; and explorations of their own sports experiences. They ask: what, if any, dissonance is there between popular images and the actual experiences of these athletes? Do these images really "redefine femininity" and contribute to a greater inclusion of all women in sport? Are sexualized images of these women damaging their quest to be taken seriously? Do they inspire young boys to respect and admire female athletes, and will this ultimately make a difference in the ways gender and power are constructed and perceived? Proposing a paradigm shift from second- to third-wave feminism, Heywood and Dworkin argue that, in the years since the passage of Title IX, gender stereotypes have been destabilized in profound ways, and they assert that female athletes and their imagery are doing important cultural work to that end. Important, refreshing, and engrossing, Built to Win examines sport in all its complexity. Leslie Heywood is professor of English at Binghamton University. She is the author of Pretty Good for a Girl: An Athlete's Story (Minnesota, 2000), Bodymakers (1998), and coeditor of Third Wave Agenda (Minnesota, 1997). A former track and cross-country runner who is currently a competitive powerlifter, Heywood is a vice president of the Women's Sports Foundation. Shari L. Dworkin is a sociologist and works as a research fellow at the HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies at Columbia University.

The Female Athlete
The Female Athlete
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A comprehensive reference focusing on the unique physiological and medical aspects of active females involved in competitive and recreational athletics. Written by national experts in the fields of orthopedics and family practice/OB-GYN, this resource covers issues relevant to the primary care physician. The book features helpful sport-specific chapters, and includes a chapter on obstetrics and gynecology.

Living the Gold-Medal Life: Inspirations from Female Athletes (Empowered Youth Products)
Living the Gold-Medal Life: Inspirations from Female Athletes (Empowered Youth Products)
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Complete Conditioning for the Female Athlete
Complete Conditioning for the Female Athlete
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Women athletes are strong, powerful and dedicated to their sports. And they have specific needs when it comes to training and conditioning. Female athletes don't need another conditioning book that is written for men with a chapter about women tacked on as an afterthought. With Complete Conditioning for Female Athletes women can learn how to train their bodies for great performance in their sport. The needs of a volleyball player are different from that of a dancer; the needs of a martial artist are different from that of a swimmer. Each sport is different. It's a simple concept that can create big headaches when designing a training program. This book gives women the information they need about their bodies and their sports to design the best possible training programs. Whether she is looking for speed, size or power, she will learn what sport-specific exercises and training methods offer the right results - and what ones won't work for her sport. Complete Conditioning for Female Athletes is a comprehensive resource that includes information on muscle types and fibers, plyometrics, aerobic training, overtraining, flexibility, speed, injuries, nutrition, stress, harassment, mental conditioning, and scientific findings from the world's top researchers. Much more than a general conditioning book, women will rely on the sport-specific advice and information.

The Female Athlete: Reach for Victory
The Female Athlete: Reach for Victory
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Six respected experts in the field of strength training and athlete development have come together to create this comprehensive and user-friendly guide to increasing female athletic performance. Appropriate for the weekend athlete as well as the elite, this book is free from the technical jargon that makes many serious training books unpalatable to the average reader, including chapters on individualizing your workout to work best for you and manual resistance, the weight training technique that doesn’t require weights. Chapters in the book are as follows: • The Importance of Strength Training for the Female Athlete • A Practical Approach to Sport Biomechanics • Individualizing Your Workout • Intensity Building Techniques • Manual Resistance: Strength Training Without Weights • A Sensible Look at Core Training • Reducing the Risk of Injury in Women’s Sports • Prescription for Rehabilitative Training • The Fundamentals of Sports Conditioning • Progressive Interval Training • Scheduling and Organization: Implementing a Year-Round Program • Conditioning for a Purpose • Appendix: 24 Interval Workouts

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